Back

Rossler Funnel Attractor

What you are seeing: a cousin of the Lorenz attractor, written down by Otto Rossler in 1976 as the simplest 3D system that still produces chaos (only one nonlinear term, z⋅xz \cdot x). The trajectory winds outward on a flat spiral, then a single fold throws it back to the centre. Push the control parameter cc past about 5.75.7 and the spiral grows a strong vertical lobe; the geometry earns its "funnel" name.

The equations are x˙=−y−z\dot x = -y - z, y˙=x+a y\dot y = x + a\,y, z˙=b+z (x−c)\dot z = b + z\,(x - c). The classical parameters are a=b=0.2a = b = 0.2, c=5.7c = 5.7. Drop cc to about 44 and the attractor folds into a clean period-2 limit cycle; sweep it back up through 4.24.2, 5.05.0, 5.45.4 and watch a period-doubling cascade. λ1\lambda_1 in the corner is the running estimate of the largest Lyapunov exponent; it stays positive in the chaotic regime (about 0.070.07 at the default parameters) and collapses to zero in the periodic windows.

Figure 1. strange attractor in the (x, y) projection. Method: classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta from shared/js/engine/ode-rk.js, fixed dt = 0.02. Live max-Lyapunov estimator via tangent-vector renormalization.
a0.200
b0.200
c5.70
speed0.5

WHAT TO TRY

  • Raise the parameter c: the Rossler attractor period-doubles, its single funnel loop splitting into two, then four, then a chaotic band. Only one nonlinear term drives all of it.
  • Watch the trajectory spiral out in the plane then fold back through the funnel: the slow spiral plus the fast z-kick is the stretch-and-fold that makes the chaos.
  • Read the Lyapunov exponent lambda_1: positive means nearby trajectories diverge exponentially, the quantitative signature of the chaos you are watching trace out.