Back

Noether's theorem: symmetry implies conservation

What you are seeing: a particle in an attractive central potential V=1/rV = -1/r. Rotation symmetry of the Lagrangian implies LzL_z is conserved. Adding a small angular term εcos(2θ)/r\varepsilon \cos(2\theta)/r breaks the symmetry and you can watch LzL_z start to drift.

Figure 1. Orbit (left) and conserved-quantity trace (right).
ε (sym-break)0.00
v_init0.80

WHAT TO TRY

  • Vary each control and watch the rail readouts respond.
  • Compare the diagnostic plot against the live scene.